4/11/2023 0 Comments Bureaucratic oversight32 Before it was adopted, bureaucracies used a procedure called notice-and-comment rulemaking. Negotiated rulemaking is a relatively recently developed bureaucratic device that emerged from the criticisms of bureaucratic inefficiencies in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Congress cannot possibly legislate on that level of detail, so the experts in the bureaucracy do so. When they encounter grey areas, many follow the federal negotiated rulemaking process to propose a solution, that is, detailing how particular new federal polices, regulations, and/or programs will be implemented in the agencies. Once the particulars of implementation have been spelled out in the legislation authorizing a new program, bureaucracies move to enact it. While that is not the only explanation, elected leaders and citizens have developed laws and institutions to help rein in bureaucracies that become either too independent, corrupt, or both. This challenge arises partly due to the fact that elected leaders tend to have partisan motivations, while bureaucracies are designed to avoid partisanship. Historically, at least since the end of the spoils system, elected leaders have struggled to maintain control over their bureaucracies. Understandably, then, the processes of rulemaking and bureaucratic oversight are equally complex. Identify the ways in which privatization has made bureaucracies both more and less efficientĪs our earlier description of the State Department demonstrates, bureaucracies are incredibly complicated.Explain the way Congress, the president, bureaucrats, and citizens provide meaningful oversight over the bureaucracies. ![]() ![]() By the end of this section, you will be able to:
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